thay đề liên tục nhỉ

\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+a^2}{c\left(b^2+a^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

=\(\sum\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\right)\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+a\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\) cauchy shawrtz

\(=\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2b+bc^2+ab^2+ac^2}=\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

\(=\sum\dfrac{a+b}{ab+c^2}\)(Q.E.D)

@Vũ Tiền Châu @Akai Haruma @Mysterious Person @Phùng Khánh Linh

Lời giải:

Áp dụng Cauchy-Schwarz kết hợp AM-GM
\(\frac{a+b}{bc+a^2}=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)}{(bc+a^2)(b+c)}=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)}{b(a^2+c^2)+c(a^2+b^2)}\)

\(\leq \frac{1}{2}\frac{(a+b)^2+(b+c)^2}{b(a^2+c^2)+c(a^2+b^2)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{(a+b)^2}{b(a^2+c^2)+c(a^2+b^2)}+\frac{(b+c)^2}{b(a^2+c^2)+c(a^2+b^2)}\right)\)

\(\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{b^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}+\frac{b^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}+\frac{c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}\right)\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:

\(\sum \frac{a+b}{bc+a^2}\leq \frac{a^2+c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{b^2+a^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}+\frac{c^2+b^2}{a(b^2+c^2)}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)\left(2a+c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2}{4a^2+2ab+2ac+bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{2a\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(2a^2+bc\right)}\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{2a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)

Suy ra BĐT cần chứng minh viết lại như sau:

\(\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}}{\dfrac{1}{9}}-2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{2b^2}{2b^2+ca}+\dfrac{2c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-\dfrac{2a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{2b^2}{2b^2+ca}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{2c^2}{2c^2+ab}\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{ca}{2b^2+ca}+\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\dfrac{bc}{bc+2a^2}=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{b^2c^2+2a^2bc}\ge\dfrac{b^2c^2}{b^2c^2+a^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2}\)

Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:

\(\dfrac{ca}{2b^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{c^2a^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2};\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge\dfrac{a^2b^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{ca}{2b^2+ca}+\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge\dfrac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}=1\)

Vậy BĐT cuối đúng hay ta có ĐPCM

3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)

Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :

\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Bài 2:

Thay $1=a+b+c$ và áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}{abc}\)

\(=\frac{(a+a+b+c)(b+a+b+c)(c+a+b+c)}{abc}\)

\(\geq \frac{4\sqrt[4]{a.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{b.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{c.a.b.c}}{abc}=\frac{64abc}{abc}=64\)

Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$

Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại

Ta có:

\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Mặt khác:

\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)

\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)

Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đúng theo AM-GM:

\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

1.

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\left(ab-1\right)^2=a^2b^2-2ab+1=a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1+a^2+b^2-2ab\)

\(=\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\left(bc-1\right)^2\ge\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\)

\(\left(ca-1\right)^2\ge\left(c^2-1\right)\left(a^2-1\right)\)

Do \(a;b;c\ge1\)  nên 2 vế của các BĐT trên đều không âm, nhân vế với vế:

\(\left[\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\right]^2\ge\left[\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\right]^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Câu 2 em kiểm tra lại đề có chính xác chưa

2.

Câu 2 đề thế này cũng làm được nhưng khá xấu, mình nghĩ là không thể chứng minh bằng Cauchy-Schwaz được, phải chứng minh bằng SOS

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(c=max\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\ge0\) (1)

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{b+c}{ac+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{a^3+abc}+\dfrac{c\left(a-b\right)}{b^3+abc}+\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c^3+abc}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)+a\left(c-b\right)}{a^3+abc}+\dfrac{c\left(a-b\right)}{b^3+abc}+\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c^3+abc}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(b-a\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3+abc}-\dfrac{1}{b^3+abc}\right)+a\left(c-b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3+abc}-\dfrac{1}{c^3+abc}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)\left(b^3-a^3\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)\left(c^3-a^3\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+ac+c^2\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)}\ge0\)

Đúng theo (1)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)